Powerful SQL migration toolkit for Rust.

Refinery strives to make running migrations for different databases as easy as possible. It works by running your migrations on a provided database connection, either by embedding them on your Rust code, or via the refinery_cli.

Currently postgres, tokio-postgres , mysql, mysql_async, rusqlite and tiberius are supported. If you are using a driver that is not yet supported, namely SQLx you can run migrations providing a Config instead of the connection type, as Config impl's Migrate. You will still need to provide the postgres/mysql/rusqlite/tiberius driver as a feature for Runner::run and tokio-postgres/mysql_async for Runner::run_async. refinery works best with Barrel but you can also have your migrations in .sql files or use any other Rust crate for schema generation.

Usage

• Add refinery to your Cargo.toml dependencies with the selected driver as feature eg: refinery = { version = "0.8", features = ["rusqlite"]}
• Migrations can be defined in .sql files or Rust modules that must have a function called migration that returns a String.
• Migrations can be strictly versioned by prefixing the file with V or not strictly versioned by prefixing the file with U.
• Migrations, both .sql files and Rust modules must be named in the format [U|V]{1}__{2}.sql or [U|V]{1}__{2}.rs, where {1} represents the migration version and {2} the name.
• Migrations can be run either by embedding them in your Rust code with embed_migrations macro, or via refinery_cli.

NOTE:

• By default, migration version numbers are restricted to i32 (signed, 32-bit integers).
• If you enable the int8-versions feature, this restriction is lifted to being able to use i64s for your migration version numbers. Bear in mind that this feature must be enabled before you start using refinery on a given database. Migrating an existing database's refinery_schema_history table to use int8 versions will break the checksums on all previously-applied migrations.

Example: Library

use rusqlite::Connection;

mod embedded {
    use refinery::embed_migrations;
    embed_migrations!("./tests/sql_migrations");
}

fn main() {
    let mut conn = Connection::open_in_memory().unwrap();
    embedded::migrations::runner().run(&mut conn).unwrap();
}

For more library examples, refer to the examples.

Example: CLI

export DATABASE_URL="postgres://postgres:secret@localhost:5432/your-db"
pushd migrations
    # Runs ./src/V1__*.rs or ./src/V1__*.sql
    refinery migrate -e DATABASE_URL -p ./src -t 1
popd

Example: Deadpool

let mut conn = pool.get().await?;
let client = conn.deref_mut().deref_mut();
let report = embedded::migrations::runner().run_async(client).await?;

Example: bb8

let mut client = pool.dedicated_connection().await?;
let report = embedded::migrations::runner().run_async(&mut client).await?;

Non-contiguous VS Contiguous migrations

Depending on how your project/team has been structured will define whether you want to use contiguous (adjacent) migrations V{1}__{2}.[sql|rs] or non-contiguous (not adjacent) migrations U{1}__{2}.[sql|rs]. If migration sequential numbering reflects the order they were developed and, they are deployed in the order they are numbered, you won't run into any problems using contiguous migrations. This is because you can be sure the next migration being run is always going to have a version number greater than the previous.

With non-contiguous migrations there is more flexibility in the order that the migrations can be created and deployed. If developer 1 creates a PR with a migration today U11__update_cars_table.sql, but it is reviewed for a week. Meanwhile, developer 2 creates a PR with migration U12__create_model_tags.sql that is much simpler and gets merged and deployed immediately. This would stop developer 1's migration from ever running if you were using contiguous migrations because the next migration would need to be > 12.

Implementation details

refinery works by creating a table that keeps all the applied migrations' versions and their metadata. When you run the migrations Runner, refinery compares the applied migrations with the ones to be applied, checking for divergent and missing and executing unapplied migrations.
By default, refinery runs each migration in a single transaction. Alternatively, you can also configure refinery to wrap the entire execution of all migrations in a single transaction by setting set_grouped to true. The rust crate intentionally ignores new migration files until your sourcecode is rebuild. This prevents accidental migrations and altering the database schema without any code changes. We can also bake the migrations into the binary, so no additional files are needed when deployed.

Rollback

refinery's design was based on flyway and so, it shares its earlier philosophy on undo/rollback migrations. Flyway has since changed it's opinion but refinery hasn't. To undo/rollback a migration, you have to generate a new one and write specifically what you want to undo.

Support for Additional Database Drivers

While initially it seemed beneficial to support as many aditional drivers as possible in this repo, with the current bandwidth available by the maintainers it's preferable to create them and maintain them on external repositories (see here for context).

Notable external database drivers:

• Klickhouse (Clickhouse database driver with refinery support)

MSRV

refinery aims to support stable Rust, the previous Rust version, and nightly.

Contributing

🎈 Thanks for your help to improve the project! No contribution is too small and all contributions are valued, feel free to open Issues and submit Pull Requests.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT license.

Contribution

Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in refinery by you, shall be licensed as MIT, without any additional terms or conditions.